abstract：:The Human Monitoring Laboratory, which is the Canadian National Calibration Reference Centre for In-Vivo Measurements, has been conducting an annual intercomparison program for whole body counting facilities since 1989. Each year a number of phantoms are prepared for participants to measure the accuracy, precision, si...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kramer GH

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lifetime follow-up of USTUR Case 246 demonstrated the lack of severe biological effects resulting from his exposure to 241Am. Deterministic effects observed were limited to hematological changes, including lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. These hematological changes were consistent with those observed in experimental...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Filipy RE,Toohey RE,Kathren RL,Dietert SE

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new type of soil sampling protocol is suggested which has applicability to surveys of environmental radioactivity. Often there is a higher concentration of radionuclides in the lower B horizon than in the upper A horizon of well-drained, well-developed soils. It is recommended that soils be sampled pedologically, i....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Meriwether JR,Burns SF,Thompson RH,Beck JN

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thorium lung burdens have been measured in workers in the dry separation plants operated by the mineral sands industry in Western Australia. The data have been compared with historical employment records of the worker's exposure to thorium-bearing airborne dusts in order to assess the reliability of personal air sampl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Terry KW,Hewson GS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study estimated the radiation exposure attributed to nuclear medicine examinations during the period of 1985 through 1992 in Slovak Republic. It was accomplished by survey of nuclear medicine facilities from 1987 to 1992. In addition, a detailed analysis of nuclear medicine practice was obtained for 1992. The mea...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ftácniková S,Ragan P

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of the effective diffusion coefficient, De, of 222Rn in concrete are important for accurate determination of transport mechanisms and computer modeling of radon entry into structures. A method for in-situ determination of De as well as the emanation fraction, F, is described. It is based on continuous mea...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Gadd MS,Borak TB

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The somatic-mutation theory of carcinogenesis has received strong scientific support from results of recent studies on tumor-suppressor genes. We anticipated that people among the high risk for cancer group, either through exposure to various ionizing radiations or by virtue of unique genotypes, would also manifest in...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Akiyama M,Umeki S,Kusunoki Y,Kyoizumi S,Nakamura N,Mori T,Ishikawa Y,Yamakido M,Ohama K,Kodama T

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Standardized activated charcoal canisters (according to the U.S. EPA) have been used to collect radon exhaled from concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster (categorically different from thick plaster) of 32 buildings of different ages (0.5-31 y) in Hong Kong. Concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster is the commo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Yu KN,Chan TF,Young EC

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper provides a review and reanalysis of data relating to gastrointestinal (GI) uptake of uranium in humans. Estimates of GI uptake of uranium in adult humans have been derived from results of three controlled experimental studies involving short-term oral intake of an elevated quantity of uranium in fluids, fro...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Leggett RW,Harrison JD

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The apparent risk of childhood leukemia resulting from paternal pre-conception radiation exposure found among children of the Sellafield (West Cumbria, UK) workforce is compared with the apparent risk in a number of other epidemiological studies. In particular, the extent of the incompatibility of the leukemia pre-con...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Little MP,Charles MW,Wakeford R

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) mutations has been determined in the peripheral T-lymphocytes of 18 workers at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing installation with cumulative recorded radiation doses of about 500 mSv or more in comparison with a matched control group of 18 worke...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cole J,Arlett CF,Green MH,Holdsworth D,Tawn EJ,Bridges BA

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data on lung cancer mortality rates vs. average radon concentration in homes for 1,601 U.S. counties are used to test the linear-no threshold theory. The widely recognized problems with ecological studies, as applied to this work, are addressed extensively. With or without corrections for variations in smoking prevale...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cohen BL

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The yield of chromosome aberrations (dicentric and ring chromosomes) was determined for five patients who had been extensively exposed to diagnostic x rays. Remarkably high aberration yields were obtained for each of them leading to correspondingly high equivalent whole body doses ("biological dosimetry"). The contrib...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Weber J,Scheid W,Traut H

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some preliminary considerations from the management of post-accident situations connected to large scale and high land contamination are presented. The return to normal, or at least acceptable living conditions, as soon as reasonably achievable, and the prevention of the possible emergence of a post-accident crisis is...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lochard J,Prêtre S

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertical distribution of weapons testing fallout 237Np has been determined in an undisturbed grassland soil (Alfisol). By using a compartmental model for multi-layered soils, the mean residence half-times of 237Np in each soil layer were calculated and compared with results on weapons fallout 239 + 240Pu, 241Am an...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bunzl K,Kofuji H,Schimmack W,Tsumura A,Ueno K,Yamamoto M

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an effort motivated largely by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is developing age-specific biokinetic models and dose coefficients for environmentally important radionuclides. This paper describes the ICRP's age-specific biokinetic model for uranium. The...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Leggett RW

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calculations of Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE) due to inhalation using four of the five methods suggested in the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 8.34 (1992a) were performed to determine if any significant differences in the calculated value of the CEDE exist for typical power p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Windham JR,Kearfott KJ,Mis FJ

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor 222Rn in high-rise buildings originates inside the building materials, then diffuses gradually through the intergranular spaces of the material into the room atmosphere. Therefore, the radionuclide contents and the physical properties of the building materials are important for indoor 222Rn levels in Hong Kong....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Tso MY,Ng CY,Leung JK

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor 222Rn concentrations were measured in 37 houses with alpha track detectors placed in water-use rooms near water sources (bathrooms, laundry rooms, and kitchens) and in non-water-use living rooms, dining rooms, and bedrooms away from water sources. Results show that relative contributions of 222Rn to indoor air ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Folger PF,Nyberg P,Wanty RB,Poeter E

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general method for solving first-order compartmental models (recycling and nonrecycling) with any number of radioactive progeny is described and a heuristic proof of the method is provided. The method can be applied to any system where the progeny are assumed to behave isokinetically with the parent, as is the case ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Birchall A,James AC

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The University of Cincinnati has reproduced the original formulation for the Livermore Thoracic Phantom lungs using contemporary materials and has adopted the linear attenuation coefficient as the primary quality assurance parameter for evaluating the performance capabilities of these new lung phantoms. The Livermore ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Spitz H,Glover S,Liu N,Smith B,Hickman D,Kruchten D,Anderson L

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than 150 data sets giving time-dependent concentrations of 131I and 137Cs in feed and milk of cows after the Chernobyl accident are evaluated using a minimal compartmental modeling approach. Transfer of cesium via the grass-cow-milk pathway is adequately described by a three-compartmental model. No unique model r...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kirchner G

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The processes of uranium extraction, purification, and manufacture involve the risk of chemical intoxication. Acute uranium poisoning elicits renal failure which in turn may lead to death. Great efforts have been put into the search for a protective agent for acute uranium poisoning. Several chelating agents such as E...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ubios AM,Braun EM,Cabrini RL

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurements of radon at 50 sites with varying geology indicate that outdoor air in Nevada is comparable to that measured nationwide by Hopper et al. (1991). The statewide median of 15 Bq m-3 (0.4 pCi L-1) is essentially the same as the nationwide median. The range is considerable: from 2.6-52 Bq m-3 (0.07-1.40 pCi L-...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Price JG,Rigby JG,Christensen L,Hess R,LaPointe DD,Ramelli AR,Desilets M,Hopper RD,Kluesner T,Marshall S

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radio frequency currents in the human body, induced by high-frequency and medium-frequency high-power broadcast antennas, were studied theoretically and experimentally. An analytical formula was derived to calculate the foot currents in a grounded semispheroidal model of the human body. The model agrees within 30% wit...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Jokela K,Puranen L,Gandhi OP

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An attempt was made to test the hypothesis (McLeod et al. 1987; Smith et al. 1987) that a certain combination of direct current and alternating current magnetic field exposures at room temperature results in an increase in motility of a marine diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) to a maximum value. Diatom motility increase...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Prasad AV,Miller MW,Cox C,Carstensen EL,Hoops H,Brayman AA

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the summers of 1990 and 1991, outdoor 222Rn detectors were installed for 3 mo in 78 communities across Canada. The 1990 measurements showed large regional variations with the average outdoor levels for the provinces of Manitoba (59 Bq m-3) and Saskatchewan (61 Bq m-3) exceeding the average indoor levels of 55 Bq m-...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Grasty RL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Open-faced and diffusion-barrier charcoal canisters were individually exposed to a fixed temperature, humidity, and radon concentration in a chamber for a period of 7 d. The radon progeny activity in the canister under study was measured every 3 h. A total of 15 runs were made for the open-faced canisters and nine run...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Luetzelschwab JW,Hastings L,Ellis SM

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This document was prepared as a review of the current knowledge of tritium metabolism and dosimetry. The physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of various forms of tritium are presented as they pertain to performing dose assessments for occupational workers and for the general public. For occupational worke...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hill RL,Johnson JR

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Correlations are studied between average radon levels in 1600 U.S. counties and mortality rates in them from various types of cancer. By far the strongest correlation is with lung cancer, but the sign of the correlation is negative. When smoking prevalence is included in a multiple regression, the large negative corre...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cohen BL

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the suitability of optically stimulated recombination luminescence in quartz for low-level dosimetry of recent events such as radiation accidents. Minimum detectable doses were determined for both fired and unfired quartz. Using a single aliquot technique, good detection of doses on the order of 0.01 Gy ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Godfrey-Smith DI,Haskell EH

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty-one soil samples were collected to a depth of 30 cm in the central and eastern region of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. Concentrations of background radionuclides in soil samples were determined by gamma ray spectrometry with an HPGe detector. The average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Malanca A,Pessina V,Dallara G

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the physical and chemical properties of radioactive aerosols produced in different work environments were made at Chin-Shan nuclear power plant in Taiwan. These properties, including particle mass- and activity-size distributions, elemental and radionuclide compositions, and solubility lung class, are essen...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Yu CC,Tung CJ,Hung IF,Tseng CL

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expressions are derived in three cases for the expectation and uncertainty of body burdens and doses calculated from a linear model of environmental transport and human metabolism in terms of expectation and uncertainty in inputs of discrete, stochastic random variables. Three cases are compared to determine the relat...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kercher JR,Robison WL

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A low-background phoswich detector is used to detect small amounts of 147Pm--a pure beta-emitting nuclide--present in the liver of an occupational worker. The assessment was based on the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the beta particles in the tissue. Computer programs based on Monte Carlo techniq...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bhati S

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dosimetry for exposure to gamma radiation in the environment is reviewed, including the factors used to convert measurements of traceable quantities to effective dose equivalent. A value of 0.70 Sv Gy-1 is widely used to convert air kerma or absorbed dose-to-air to effective dose equivalent, but recent work shows ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Clark MJ,Burgess PH,McClure DR

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CR-39 plastic was attached to household glass objects to learn whether residual radioactivity from radon decay products could be measured and correlated with cumulative radon exposures over defined time periods. Such an approach could be used to increase the completeness of exposure data collected in epidemiologic stu...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Mahaffey JA,Parkhurst MA,James AC,Cross FT,Alavanja MC,Boice JD,Ezrine S,Henderson P,Brownson RC

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes two nondestructive measurement techniques for determining the radioactivity in a homogeneous organ phantom with an acceptable error and the capability of being traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. These two techniques are based on a method developed by Robley D. Evans i...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hui TE,Nichols LL,Olsen PC,McDonald JC

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results of systematic long-term measurements of 90Sr and 137Cs in surface seawater, performed at four locations along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, are summarized. Observed trends in annual mean activity concentrations are discussed. 90Sr and 137Cs fallout activities affect seawater activity, the coefficient...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Franić Z,Bauman A

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flows in lung bifurcations are complicated by geometry, and it is recognized that accurate lung dosimetric models require realistic calculations of the flow and particle deposition patterns. A computational fluid dynamics study of flow and particle concentration has been carried out for a lung bifurcation based on the...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kinsara AA,Tompson RV,Loyalka SK

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00